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Bradford H. Bernstein
This article was written and reviewed by Bradford H. Bernstein, a second-generation leader at Law Offices of Spar & Bernstein, P.C., who has helped over 100,000 clients with immigration and personal injury issues. Brad joined the firm in 1993, became a partner in 1997, and assumed leadership in 2000 after Harry Spar retired.
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Form N-400 Processing Time: Key Takeaways
- Processing time for Form N-400 typically takes between six and nine months
- Application category, accuracy, and USCIS workload can speed up or slow down your case
- To be eligible, you must meet age, residency, and good moral character requirements and pass English and civics tests
- N-400 process includes meeting eligibility criteria, submitting documents, attending biometrics and interview, passing a test, and taking the Oath of Allegiance
- The standard fee for filing Form N-400 is $760
In fiscal year 2024, USCIS received 818,500 naturalization applications.
This high volume directly impacts Form N-400 processing time by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).
We’ll share:
- N-400 processing time
- Factors affecting the timeline
- Application steps
- How much you need to pay
- What are the challenges when filing the form
Need help with your naturalization application??
Form N-400 Processing Time
Form N-400 processing time is between six and nine months, depending on the field office where you file your application for naturalization.
The estimated processing time for the Form N-400 is based on the time of 80% of the cases received and processed during the last six months.
Because each case is unique, this timeline should be treated only as a general reference.
Factors Affecting The N-400 Processing Time
Several factors can influence how quickly your N-400 application moves through the system, from your eligibility category to the completeness of your paperwork.
- USCIS workload: A high number of applications can lead to longer processing times.
- The type of naturalization eligibility: Some categories, such as spouses of U.S. citizens, may have expedited processing compared to other categories.
- Application accuracy: Incomplete or inaccurate applications can lead to delays.
- Requests for additional information: USCIS may request additional information or documentation, which can extend processing times.
- Background checks: USCIS background checks can take an extended amount of time if there are discrepancies between the applicant’s background and the information stated in the naturalization application.
If your case takes longer than the estimated time shown on the USCIS website, you can submit an inquiry about the status of your application.
Form N-400 Explained
Form N-400, Application for Naturalization, is a document used by lawful permanent residents (Green Card holders) who want to become U.S. citizens through naturalization.
This form collects detailed information about you, including:
- Your background
- Your residence and employment history
- Your travel outside the U.S.
- Your moral character
Filing Form N-400 is an important step on your path to becoming a U.S. citizen. That’s why you need to ensure it’s filled out accurately and supported by all required documentation.
Form N-400 Requirements
To be eligible for U.S. citizenship, you must:
- Be at least 18 years old
- Have a Green Card for three years as a spouse of U.S. citizen or five years for other naturalization categories
- Have continuous residence for three years if married to a U.S. citizen or five years in other scenarios
- Have been physically present in the U. S. for 18 months if married to a U.S. citizen or 30 months in other cases
- Demonstrate good moral character, which means avoiding criminal convictions and other negative behavior
- Be able to read, write, speak and understand basic English
- Have knowledge about the U.S. government and history
In some cases, USCIS provides certain exceptions and accommodations to the naturalization requirements.
To check your eligibility for naturalization, use USCIS’ naturalization eligibility tool.
If you are not sure whether you meet the N-400 requirements, talk to an experienced immigration attorney.
Form N-400 Application Process
1. Determine Your Eligibility
Make sure you meet all requirements for naturalization, such as residency length, physical presence, and good moral character.
2. Complete Form N-400
Fill out the Application for Naturalization online or on paper.
3. Collect Supporting Documents
Collect copies of all required documents, such as:
-
- Your Green Card
- Marriage certificate (if applying through marriage)
- Birth certificate
- Any other evidence supporting your eligibility
4. Pay The Filing Fee
Submit the filing fee, verifying the amount on the USCIS website.
5. Submit Your Application
File your completed Form N-400 and supporting documents with USCIS, either online through your USCIS account or by mail to the correct address.
6. Wait For A Receipt Notice
Once you file Form N-400, USCIS will acknowledge the receipt of your application by sending you Form I-797C, Notice of Action.
The receipt confirms that your application has been received, while the receipt number gives you the ability to track the progress of your application. Check out how long it takes to receive a USCIS notice.
7. Attend A Biometrics Appointment
The next step is attending a biometrics appointment at a local Application Support Center (ASC) where USCIS will collect your fingerprints, photograph, and signature for a background check.
The biometrics appointment typically takes 30 minutes. You might be asked to bring additional documents to the appointment, including:
- A state-issued photo identification card
- A national photo identification from your home country
- A driver’s license
8. Attend A Naturalization Test & Interview
The naturalization interview takes approximately 30 minutes and includes questions about your background and eligibility.
You will also be asked to complete English and civics tests, which are meant to assess your ability to speak, read, write and understand English, along with your knowledge of U.S. government and history.
Find more information about the U.S. citizenship test questions.
9. Wait For A Decision
Following your naturalization interview, USCIS will make a decision on your application.
- If your application is missing information, USCIS may request additional information or schedule a follow-up interview.
- If USCIS finds you ineligible for naturalization, your application will be denied.
10. Take The Oath Of Allegiance
If your application is approved, you will receive a Notice of Naturalization Oath Ceremony, to schedule your naturalization ceremony.
At the ceremony, you will take the Oath of Allegiance to the U.S. and officially become a U.S. citizen.
As proof of your citizenship, you will receive a Certificate of Naturalization.
Form N-400 Filing Fee
The total cost for filing Form N-400 is $760 for paper applications and $710 if you’re filing online.
If you can prove your household income is at or below 400 percent of the Federal Poverty Guidelines, the fee is $380.
Military applicants submitting Form N-400 under section 328 or 329 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) are exempt from paying the filing fee.
- For online applications, the fee can be paid online.
- For applications submitted by mail, the fee should be paid with a credit card, money order, personal check, or cashier’s check.
Challenges Of Form N-400
To navigate the naturalization process successfully, you should be aware of the potential challenges and risks you might encounter.
Naturalization Tests
Failing the English and civics tests can lead to a denied application.
Inaccurate Documentation
Submitting incomplete or inaccurate documents often causes delays or denials.
Criminal Convictions
Certain criminal convictions can make you ineligible for naturalization or lead to removal from the United States.
Continuous Residence Requirements
If you are unable to demonstrate that you have continuously resided in the U.S. for the required period, your application might be denied.
Security Issues
If you were ever affiliated with terrorist organizations, your application for naturalization is likely to be denied.
False Information
Providing false information may result in an automatic denial.
Have Questions About Form N-400 Processing Time? Contact Spar & Bernstein
At Spar & Bernstein, we understand that the journey to naturalization is a significant and life-changing step in pursuit of the American dream.
Our team of experienced and compassionate attorneys boasts a long and distinguished history in immigration law, spanning over 60 years.
From asylum and refugee protection to family immigration, waivers and DACA, our dedicated team successfully navigates the complex U.S. immigration system, helping thousands achieve their immigration goals.
Our attorneys will:
- Provide one-on-one consultations to understand your situation and define a personalized approach to your case
- Guide you through the entire application process, to ensure every document is submitted correctly
- Help you prepare for your English and civics tests
- Conduct mock interviews to help you prepare
- Monitor your application’s progress and address any USCIS inquiries
- Provide legal support to appeal decisions if your application for naturalization is denied
Looking for a naturalization attorney?
N-400 Processing Time: FAQs
Can I check my N-400 case status online?
Yes, use your receipt number to check your application status on the USCIS Case Status Online tool.
What if my N-400 application is taking longer than expected?
If your case is outside the normal processing time:
- Submit an online inquiry.
- Call USCIS for an update.
What happens if USCIS needs more information?
If USCIS needs more information, they’ll send you a Request for Evidence (RFE). Responding quickly and accurately will help keep your case moving.
Ready to get help with your N-400 application?